Essay on Pharmacotherapy in Drug Addiction - 1382 Words

Addiction is a dependence on a substance where the individual who is affected feels defenseless and unable to stop the obsession to use a substance or prevent a particular behavior. Millions of Americans have addictions to drugs, alcohol, nicotine, and even to behaviors such as obsessive gambling. Pharmacotherapy is a treatment process in which a counselor can use a particular drug to counter act an addictive drug or behavior. Not all counselors agree with this type of treatment. However in order to provide a client with an ethical treatment and unbiased opinions they should be made aware of all scientific evidence of different treatment options. â€Å"Thus, attention to addiction pharmacotherapy is an ethical mandate no matter what prejudices†¦show more content†¦One of the old school medicines used to defer the drinking of alcohol is Disulfiram (Antabuse). Disulfiram is a behavioral intervention in pill form taken on a daily basis that an individual takes to prevent the c learance of alcohol as it is broken down in an individual’s body after they drink. Disulfiram will prevent an individual from drinking because if they drink while taking the drug they will have such a bad reaction they will want to stop the negative behavior of drinking. Because of the alcohol element built up in their blood as it goes through their body the reactions an individual will experience are headache, nausea, vomiting, high, or low blood pressure, and palpitations(Arias Kranzler, n.d). The individual can be quite sick for an extended period of time. In as much disulfiram will stay in an individuals system for One to two weeks. Therefore, if an individual decides they want to stop taking disulfiram the individual still would have to wait a period of time before drinking alcohol or the reactions will still occur. Disulfiram is a behavioral intervention to prevent the drinking from continuing. There is no cure for alcoholism. However, disulfiram can affect the outco me of alcoholism treatment. The side effects for using disulfiram are the first couple of weeks the individual may feel tired and over a period of time an individual may develop a metallic taste in their mouth. However, the taste will go awayShow MoreRelatedAddiction : The Opiate Addiction Crisis921 Words   |  4 Pages The opiate addiction crisis in the US In recent years, chronic pain has been affecting millions of Americans. Whether it is headaches or backaches, chronic pain can be continuous and excruciating for many. Pain management and relief have been mainly treated with prescriptions of opiates. However, people don’t realize that the number of deaths caused by over dosing has increased. This prevalence of prescribing opiates to aid chronic pain has triggered an addiction problem across the US. AlthoughRead MoreEffectiveness Of 4 Psychotherapies During The Treatment Of Cocaine Dependent Patients817 Words   |  4 Pageset al10 designed a trial to determine the effectiveness of 4 psychotherapies in the treatment of cocaine-dependent patients. In this multicenter study, 487 patients were randomized into one of the four treatment groups: individual drug counseling (IDC) plus group drug counseling (GDC), CBT plus GDC, SE plus GDC or GDC alone. Intervention included a 6 month active phase of treatment and a 3 month booster pha se and follow-up of 3 months. All treatment groups recorded significant improvements from baselineRead MoreThe Rates Of Abortion794 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest, but also for the fact that I really wanted to see if my opinion would change based on psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy alone. This article’s purpose is to look over the rates between treatment refusal and premature termination in psychotherapy alone, pharmacotherapy alone, and their combination. Treatment refusal is a particular type of therapy, either psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, that the client does not begin, after being offered at an intervention. According to research, this can beRead MoreQuestions On Systemic Forces Of Oppression1403 Words   |  6 Pagesare individuals stuck in the situation that they are currently in. Applied Definition: The over the counter drug abuser would disclose personal details from the past or present that could have possibly had an impact on their decision to use drugs. Objective: The learner should be able to identify one situation in their life that can be attributed to their misuse of over the counter drugs. Activities: (1) Open letter In the following activity the client would be given approximately three daysRead MoreRelapse in Substance Abuse Treatment Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesRelapse Prevention in Substance Abuse Treatment In relation to drug abuse, relapse is resuming the use of a chemical substance or drug after a period of abstinence. The term can be said to be a landmark feature of a combination of substance abuse and substance independence. The propensity for dependency, repeated use, and tendencies that take the form of the substance being used, are some of the issues that drug users’ experience. Substances that enhance most severe tendencies in users and pose highRead MoreTeenage Drug Abuse Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug abuse is an issue that can result from a wide variety of social influences, stressful events, and mental disorders. Drug abuse among adolescents is a troubling issue because it decreases focus, increases the chance of consistency in behavior during adulthood, increases the chances of developing emotional issues, permanently damages the brain, and damages tissues in every system that can lead to death. Previous scientific research has identified that social fa ctors, including the mediaRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is A Brain Disease766 Words   |  4 PagesFindings Substance Abuse is a brain disease While the choice to use alcohol and drugs is initially voluntary, alcohol and/or drug addiction arises because the normal functioning of the brain is impaired so that alcoholism and drug addiction become a â€Å"chronic relapsing disease of the brain† (National Institute of Drug Abuse, Drugs, Brains and Behavior. The Science of Addiction. 2014, 5). Drugs impact the pathways of the brain by flooding the circuit with dopamine, which disturbs and distorts normalRead MoreThe Addict By Michael Stein1746 Words   |  7 Pagesbuprenorphine as the primary prescribed drug for opiate users, he also refers to methadone treatment. The effectiveness of buprenorphine was shown through the book and how it is, with the help of adequate social and medical support, a viable option with regards to treating opiate addiction. Addiction to opiates is developing and continues to be a large problem in many countries. Substitution for such opiates in pharmacotherapy has shown to reduce the use of illicit drugs and the potential criminal behaviorRead MoreSolutions for the Choice of my Addiction1293 Words   |  6 Pagesand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). Moreover, the US Surgeon General finally declared that cigarette smoking is an addiction in their 1988 report. However, there are still many people who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases due to tobacco and/or nicotine dependence and they ultimately reduce their life expectancy because of this addiction. Why are people not aware of such physical hazard when there have been validated reports that are publicized, stressing the risk ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Adolescents1651 Words   |  7 Pagescommon bad decision is substance use and abuse. Although drug and alcohol use is common and many users don’t de velop a dependence on the substances, the adolescents who end up developing the disorders of substance abuse and dependence make substance use a major public health concern (Sanchez-Samper, Knight, p. 83). Substance abuse can lead to many developmental problems in adolescents. Problems experienced by adolescents who use alcohol and drugs include â€Å"impaired peer relations, depression, anxiety

Essay about Same Sex Marriage Controversy in the United...

In a very real sense, it is reasonable to argue that the government should have no say at all in the processes of marriage, or decide which adults may or may not legally marry. State and federal governments play a role, of course, in that marriage is a civil union, and provides benefits and legal protections for the couple. Historically, marriage serves the interests of the society by promoting stability and future generations of citizens, and governments usually act in ways to promote this very vital element. At the same time, it is highly questionable whether this governmental authority should have any voice in who chooses to marry, provided those involved are adults and wish to do so. This is in fact, at the heart of the same-sex†¦show more content†¦As noted, the technical legal question to be addressed is whether the federal government or individual states have the right to legalize or prohibit same-sex marriage. To claim that this exact question is increasingly a publi c concern is to understate the issue. It may be ironic but, as the controversy has grown in recent years, there seems to be more of a demand from the society that the issue be settled once and for all, and for that eyes turn to federal authority. This came to a head in the presidential campaigns of 2013, as same-sex marriage became a â€Å"hot button† issue actually defining voter sympathies as either liberal or conservative (Levendusky 42). In plain terms, the Mitt Romney campaign directly appealed to conservative populations opposed to, or perceived as opposed to, gay marriage; the Obama reelection efforts not unexpectedly countered this with an appeal to more liberal factions, which typically favor same-sex unions. The differences in approach aside, the clear fact remains that the nation was emphatically looking to its highest leadership to make a decision, which in turn would lead to federal recognition or denial of same-sex marriage. This situation was some time in comin g, as events in recent years amplifiedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1565 Words   |  7 PagesRecognizing Same-Sex Marriage Same-sex marriage is a huge controversy between Americans across the Country. In thirty-three states marriage is defined as a â€Å"union between a man and a woman†. For seventeen states in the U.S. this definition has been changed because every citizen should be treated equally according to the constitution and this also violates the Equal Protection Clause. It became possible for people of the same-sex to marry when it was stated to be unconstitutional. Denying marriage is denyingRead MoreControversial Topic of Same-Sex Marriage797 Words   |  3 PagesResearcher (CQR) issued a report covering the issue of gay marriage. In their article, Gay Marriage, the CQR discusses the controversy of curbs on same-sex marriage, as well as if the Supreme Court will end these curbs. Within this larger controversy of same-sex marriage, the CQR points out four issues dealing with the topic at hand. The first issue questions whether the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) improperly denies federal benefits to same sex couples. Another issue covered in the report is if CaliforniaRead MoreShould Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt? Essays838 Words   |  4 Pagesnormal, many same-sex couples want to have a family and for some the only option is adoption. Well, same-sex adoption is not legal in most places which makes this dream for some impossible. This caused controversy between same-sex couples and the general public who believes that same-sex adoption should remain illegal. Ultimately, same-sex adoption should be legal. The same-sex controversy is one of the many results from the slow process of gay marriage becoming legalized in various states across theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized1617 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluences, marriage was considered to be between man and woman holding a physical and spiritual bond between each other, not between man and man and woman and woman. Some may see marriage as between two people of the same gender, or what is known as same-sex marriage. This form of marriage became popular in the U.S. during the 1960’s and 1970’s due to the urge of legalization coming from many American citizens at the time. (â€Å"The Long Road to Marriage Equality†) Same-sex marriage became state-legal inRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized1562 Words   |  7 Pages~ Busse Same-Sex Debate Essay ~ Ever since the time when America studied family values and focused on healthy and important influences, marriage was considered to be between man and woman holding a physical and spiritual bond between each other, not between man and man and woman and woman. Some may see marriage as between two people of the same gender, or what is known as same-sex marriage. This form of marriage became popular in the U.S. during the 1960’s and 1970’s due to the urge of legalizationRead MoreSame Sex Marriage and Politics in the U.S. Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, Same Sex Marriage has become a major issue in the United States. There are variations in opinions concerning the topic. The main concern is should same sex marriage be allowed or declared unconstitutional. Plenty of conservatives are completely against gay marriage and many of liberals are fighting for equal treatment. Many controversies and arguments have developed from this issue. There are many reasons why gay marriage should be legal or illegal. The people who oppose same sex marriageRead MoreEquality for All: Gay Marriage Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmajority† were usually victorious. With that said, there is an inevitable future for the homosexual community to be eventually equal to everyone else. The question remains, what justifies the right for a gay couple to have the same benefits as a heterosexual couple? Gay marriage has been a wide spread issue for quite a bit of time and multiple arguments have been made as to why it should not occur, but none of them stand valid against rights provided by the constitution. Many individuals are quite passionateRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is Not The Law Of The Land1510 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2014 Same-Sex Marriage According to Dr. James Dobson, founder of Focus on the Family, If traditional marriage is not the law of the land, the institution of the family will cease to exist. Traditional marriage is a legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife. Inside the court rooms and outside, citizens of the United States battle out their differences between heterosexual and homosexual marriage; one reason for this is because the frequency of relationships involving same-sex couplesRead MoreThe Debate Over Same Sex Marriage1181 Words   |  5 PagesToday’s society is all about controversy, whether it is political controversy or social controversy, society thrives on it. What is more controversial in today’s society than same sex marriage? It is a topic that has battered Americans for decades, and just recently has it been decided that same sex marriage and relations is awarded by the constitution. Before this it was at states discretion whether or not to allow those of the same sex to marry. But, on June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court ruled thatRead MoreLegal Reasons For Gay Marriage889 Words   |  4 Pagesalso 1049 rights intend for same-sex couples, these rights include: â€Å"hospital care choices for yourself and your partner; power of attorney for you and your partner; right to visit your partner in the ICU; rights to retirement plan decisions; rights to survivor benefits from social security, and the list continues.† (TPF Student Action). The US Supreme Court on June 26th, 2015 ruled that the US Constitution grant the right for same-sex couples to marry in all of the 50 states in the US. Associate Justice

An Exploratory Study of Myanmar Culture Free Essays

Hofstede originally identified four dimensions of culture: power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance represents the degree of a culture’s acceptance of inequality among its members. Individualism and collectivism represent a culture’s main focus, being either the importance of the individual or the group. We will write a custom essay sample on An Exploratory Study of Myanmar Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Masculinity and femininity represents the stereotypical characteristics of men and women as being the dominant cultural values. Uncertainty avoidance is essentially a collective tolerance for ambiguity for a culture. Later research with Michael Bond (Hofstede Bond 1988) added a fifth dimension called long-term Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1114625 orientation. This dimension, originally called Confucian Dynamism, measures the preferences of a culture for a long-term and traditional view of time. Hofstede’s work has attracted a number of critics. Some have expressed concerns about the generalizability of the sample, the level of analysis, the comparison of political boundaries (countries) to culture, and the validity of the instrument (Mc Sweeney 2002; Smith 2002). Others have challenged the assumption of the homogeneity of each studied culture (Sivakumar Nakata 2001). The additional dimension of long-term orientation (LTO) has been challenged on the grounds of conceptual validity (Fang 2003). While many of the concerns raised by his critics can be considered to have some validity, Hofstede’s research, nevertheless, represents the most comprehensive analysis of cultural values to date. This paper provides a preliminary look into the cultural assessment of a country not included in the Hofstede data set. Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia, bordering Thailand, China, India, and Laos. The country, formerly called Burma, gained its independence from Britain at the end of World War II, after a hard fought struggle with the colonial power and the Japanese invaders. Burmese nationalist and national hero, Aung San fought for his country’s independence and for democratic rule (Khng 2000). His daughter, Nobel Peace Prize winner, Aung San Suu Kyi continues the struggle today inside Myanmar, even as she lives under house arrest. While Myanmar interacts with its ASEAN neighbors, a number of Western countries have placed economic sanctions on the country for its lack of democracy. These sanctions have limited foreign investment and other forms of economic exchange. A military junta has ruled the country for the past 17 years and the country has operated in various states of isolation from the world over those years. As a result of its isolation, very little research has been conducted on its culture or values orientation. How to cite An Exploratory Study of Myanmar Culture, Papers

Introduction to marketing free essay sample

Market Research is the process of gathering, analysing and interpreting information about a market. You can be talking about a product or service to be offered for sale in that specific market and about the past, present and potential customers for the product or service. Market Research Includes: †¢Primary Research †¢Secondary Research †¢Quantitative Research †¢Qualitative Research †¢Uses of Market Research †¢Limitation of Market Research Primary research: This is where there is no data available for the researcher so they have to start from scratch. This means that the company needs to design questionnaires, collect data from respondents and then analyze the answers. Secondary Research: This process involves collecting data from either the originator or a distributor of primary research. The main way to gather secondary research is usually to look at the sales records and other records of competitors that have been around for longer to obtain an understanding of the market that you are going into, in other words, accessing information already gathered, old sales reports, accounting records and many others, falls under the heading of secondary research. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Quantitative research is when companies create surveys and customer questionnaires. This can help small companies to improve their brand, products and services by enabling the public to take the decisions. It is important to survey people in fairly large numbers to get a better statistics and probability that people really want the service or the product, or if the company needs improvement in some areas. Qualitative research: aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that they act with such. This method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where and when. This data is based on opinions rather than facts and figures this can also help make a link between the business and the customers. Uses of market research: The purpose of market research is to gather data on customers and potential customers. The collected data aids business decision making. This therefore reduces the risks involved in making these decisions. This information can be used to design new innovative products, help create a comfortable and friendly environment etc. Limitation of Market Research: No matter how small or large a market research project may be, any type of research performed poorly will not give relevant results. In fact, all research, no matter how well controlled, carries the potential to be wrong. There are many reasons why research may not give good results but a common problem is deciding whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring. There are 3 types of limitations of market research. These are Cost effectiveness, reliability and validity of data collected.

Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is Essay Example For Students

Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is Essay Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story that is thick with allegory. Young Goodman Brown is a moral story which is told through the perversion of a religious leader. In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown is a Puritan minister who lets his excessive pride in himself interfere with his relations with the community after he meets with the devil, and causes him to live the life of an exile in his own community. Young Goodman Brown begins when Faith, Browns wife, asks him not to go on an errand. Goodman Brown says to his love and (my) Faith that this one night I must tarry away from thee. When he says his love and his Faith, he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to his faith to God. He is venturing into the woods to meet with the Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faith in God with his wife. He resolves that he will cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven. This is an example of the excessive pride because he feels that he can sin and meet with the Devil because of this promise that he made to himself. There is a tremendous irony to this promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can no longer look at his wife with the same faith he had before. When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that the reason he was late was because Faith kept me back awhile.This statement has a double meaning because his wife physically prevented him from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil. The Devil had with him a staff that bore the likeness of a great black snake. The staff which looked like a snake is a reference to the snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake led Adam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge. The Adam and Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are both seeking unfathomable amounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge they were expell ed from their paradise. The Devils staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devils ceremony which destroys Goodman Browns faith in his fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia. Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kept his meeting with the Devil and no longer wishes to continue on his errand with the Devil. He says that he comes from a race of honest men and good Christians and that his father had never gone on this errand and nor will he. The Devil is quick to point out however that he was with his father and grandfather when they were flogging a woman or burning an Indian village, respectively. These acts are ironic in that they were bad deeds done in the name of good, and it shows that he does not come from good Christians.When Goodman Browns first excuse not to carry on with the errand proves to be unconvincing, he says he cant go because of his wife, Faith. And because of her, he can not carry out the errand any further. At this point the Devil agrees with him and tells him to turn back to prevent that Faith should come to any harm like the old woman in front of them on the path. Ironically, Goodman Browns faith is harmed because the woman on the path is the woman who taught him his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual adviser. The Devil and the woman talk and afterward, Brown continues to walk on with the Devil in the disbelief of what he had just witnessed. Ironically, he blames the woman for consorting with the Devil but his own pride stops him from realizing that his faults are the same as the womans. Brown again decides that he will no longer to continue on his errand and rationalizes that just because his teacher was not going to heaven, why should he quit my dear Faith, and go after her. At this, the Devil tosses Goodman Brown his staff (which will lead him out of his Eden) and leaves him.Goodman Brown begins to think to himself about his situation and his pride in himself begins to build. He applauds himself greatly, and thinking with how clear a conscience he should meet his ministerAnd what calm sleep would be hisin the arms of Faith! This is ironic because at the end of the story, he can not even look Faith in the eye, let alone sleep in her arms. As Goodman Brown is feeling good about his strength in resisting the Devil, he hears the voices of the minister and Deacon Gookin. He overhears their conversation and hears them discuss a goodly young woman to be taken in to communion that evening at that nights meeting and fears that it may be his Faith. When Goodman Brown hears this he becomes weak and falls to the ground. He begins to doubt whether there really was a Heaven above him and this is a key point when Goodman Browns faith begins to wain. Goodman Brown in panic declares that With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil! Again, Brown makes a promise to keep his faith unto God. Then a black mass of cloud goes in between Brown and the sky as if to block his prayer from heaven. Brown then hears what he believed to be voices that he has before in the community. Once Goodman Brown begins to doubt whether this is really what he had heard or not, the sound comes to him again and this time it is followed by one voice, of a young woman. Goodman believes this is Faith and he yells out her name only to be mimicked by the echoes of the forest, as if his calls to Faith were falling on deaf ears. A pink ribbon flies through the air and Goodman grabs it. At this moment, he has lost all faith in the world and declares that there is no good on earth. Young Goodman Brown in this scene is easily manipulated simply by the power of suggestion. The suggestion that the woman in question is his Faith, and because of this, he easily loses his faith. Goodman Brown then loses all of his inhibitions and begins to laugh insanely. He takes hold of the staff which causes him to seem to fly along the forest-path. This image alludes to that of Adam and Eve being led out of the Garden of Eden as is Goodman Brown being led out of his utopia by the Devils snakelike staff. Hawthorne at this point remarks about the instinct that guides mortal man to evil. This is a direct statement from the author that he believes that mans natural inclination is to lean to evil than good. Goodman Brown had at this point lost his faith in God, therefore there was nothing restraining his instincts from moving towards evil because he had been lead out from his utopian image of society. At this point, Goodman Brown goes mad and challenges evil. He feels that he will be the downfall of evil and that he is strong enough to overcome it all. This is another demonstration of Browns excessive pride and arrogance. He believes that he is better than everyone else in that he alone can destroy evil. Brown then comes upon the ceremony which is setup like a perverted Puritan temple. The altar was a rock in the middle of the congregation and there were four trees surrounding the congregation with their tops ablaze, like candles. A red light rose and fell over the congregation which cast a veil of evil over the congregation over the devil worshippers.Brown starts to take notice of the faces that he sees in the service and he recognizes them all, but he then realizes that he does not see Faith and hope came into his heart. This is the first time that the word hope ever comes into the story and it is because this is the true turning point for Goodman Brown. If Faith was not there, as he had hoped, he would not have to live alone in his community of heathens, which he does not realize that he is already apart of. Another way that the hope could be looked at is that it is all one of the Christian triptych. (Capps 25) The third part of the triptych which is never mentioned throughout the story is charity. If Brown had had charity it would have been the antidote that would have allowed him to survive without despair the informed state in which he r eturned to Salem. (Camps 25) The ceremony then begins with a a cry to Bring forth the converts! Surprisingly Goodman Brown steps forward. He had no power to retreat one step, nor to resist, even in thought. Goodman Brown at this point seems to be in a trance and he loses control of his body as he is unconsciously entering this service of converts to the devil. The leader of the service than addresses the crowd of converts in a disturbing manner. He informs them that all the members of the congregation are the righteous, honest, and incorruptible of the community. The sermon leader then informs the crowd of their leaders evil deeds such as attempted murder of the spouse and wife, adultery, and obvious blasphemy. After his sermon, the leader informs them to look upon each other and Goodman Brown finds himself face to face with Faith. The leader begins up again declaring that Evil is the nature of mankind and he welcomes the converts to communion of your race. (The communion of your ra ce statement reflects to the irony of Browns earlier statement that he comes from a race of honest men and good Christians.) The leader than dips his hand in the rock to draw a liquid from it and to lay the mark of baptism upon their foreheads. Brown than snaps out from his trance and yells Faith! Faith! Look up to Heaven and resist the wicked one! At this, the ceremony ends and Brown finds himself alone. He does not know whether Faith, his wife, had kept her faith, but he finds himself alone which leads him to believe that he is also alone in his faith. Throughout the story, Brown lacks emotion as a normal person would have had. The closest Brown comes to showing an emotion is when a hanging twig, that had been all on fire, besprinkled his cheek with the coldest dew. The dew on his cheek represents a tear that Brown is unable to produce because of his lack of emotion. Hawthorne shows that Brown has no compassion for the weaknesses he sees in others, no remorse for his own sin, and no sorrow for his loss of faith. (Easterly 339) His lack of remorse and compassion condemns him to an anguished life that is spiritually and emotionally dissociated. (Easterly 341) This scene is an example of how Goodman Brown chose to follow his head rather than his heart. Had Brown followed his heart, he may have still lived a good life. If he followed with his heart, he would have been able to sympathize with the communitys weaknesses, but instead, he listened to his head and excommunicated himself from the community because he only thought of them as heathens. Young Goodman Brown ends with Brown returning to Salem at early dawn and looking around like a bewildered man. He cannot believe that he is in the same place that he just the night before; because to him, Salem was no longer home. He felt like an outsider in a world of Devil worshippers and because his basic means of order, his religious system, is absent, the society he was familiar with becomes nightmarish. (Shear 545) H e comes back to the town projecting his guilt onto those around him. (Tritt 114) Brown expresses his discomfort with his new surroundings and his excessive pride when he takes a child away from a blessing given by Goody Cloyse, his former Catechism teacher, as if he were taking the child from the grasp of the fiend himself. His anger towards the community is exemplified when he sees Faith who is overwhelmed with excitement to see him and he looks sternly and sadly into her face, and passed on without a greeting. Brown cannot even stand to look at his wife with whom he was at the convert service with. He feels that even though he was at the Devils service, he is still better than everyone else because of his excessive pride. Brown feels he can push his own faults on to others and look down at them rather than look at himself and resolve his own faults with himself. Goodman Brown was devastated by the discovery that the potential for evil resides in everybody. The rest of his life is destroyed because of his inability to face this truth and live with it. The story, which may have been a dream, and not a real life event, planted the seed of doubt in Browns mind which consequently cut him off from his fellow man and leaves him alone and depressed. His life ends alone and miserable because he was never able to look at himself and realize that what he believed were everyone elses faults were his as well. His excessive pride in himself led to his isolation from the community. Brown was buried with no hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his dying hour was gloom. Works Cited Capps, Jack L. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Explicator, Washington D.C., 1982 Spring, 40:3, 25.Easterly, Joan Elizabeth. Lachrymal Imagery in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1991 Summer, 28:3, 339-43. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodmam Brown, The Story and Its Writer, 4th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995, 595-604. Shear, Walter. Cultural Fate and Social Freedom in Three American Short Stories, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1992 Fall, 29:4, 543-549. Tritt, Michael. Young Goodman Brown and the Psychology of Projection, Studies in Short Fiction, Newberry, S.C., 1986 Winter, 23:1, 113-117. .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .postImageUrl , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:hover , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:visited , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:active { border:0!important; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:active , .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21ecbe794baeebf2533c6281965ce57d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Competitive Advantage Essay We will write a custom essay on Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman was born in Ohio on February 8, 1820 to Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman. He was the sixth of ten children. His father was a Supreme Court Judge so he was not home often, but when he came home on horseback, a family tradition was that the first child to reach his horse could ride it to the barn. Since he was the sixth child in line, William didn't often win the race, but on one such occasion when he was around six years old he was the first to reach his father he was given the honor of riding Old Dick to the stable. When the stable door was not opened promptly the horse headed for the neighbor's barn, and finding that he couldn't get in there, the horse again headed home. On the way the horse threw young William onto some rocks. When he was found, he was taken for dead, but managed to recover from his injuries. Since this he carried a scar on his face the rest of his life. In the year of 1829 Charles Sherman while away on the circuit, rode horseback from Cincinnati to Lebanon on a hot June day. The next day, he took his seat on the bench, but was not feeling well and adjourned the court early. His fever climbed and on June 24, 1829 he died. With Mrs. Sherman being unable to support ten children, caring family members and friends took all but the three youngest children into their homes. William was taken by Mr. Thomas Ewing and was treated at once as his own son. Since Thomas Ewing was a member of the United States Senate he helped Sherman get into West Point. He became a cadet of the class of 1836 and graduated in 1840 sixth in his class. After graduation he was sent to Fort Pierce in Florida. In 1843 he was stationed in Charleston, South Carolina. He spent part of the Mexican War on a detail for recruiting service in New York, and the rest of the War in California, never once seeing action. Finally, on September 6, 1853 Sherman resigned from the military, with a rank of colo...

Dispute Resolution Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dispute Resolution Process Paper - Essay Example Presently, the dispute resolution process in my organization is largely guided by the conditions as mentioned in the appointment letters or contracts as devised and executed by the company’s top brass managers. The process is modeled in a top down fashion, where in the case of a dispute issues are resolved professionally on the basis of the hierarchic positions of the disputing individuals. Such a dispute resolution paradigm can, thus, be identified as a human resource management based organized process guided in the conventional lines of conflict management. In a more complicated conflict situation, the company prefers to act along the â€Å"Dunlopian integrated system† (Colvin 2012, p. 459) of dispute resolution. Suggestible Alternative Dispute Resolution Approaches Alternative dispute resolution processes that can be suggested in this context involve essentially individualized considerations and concepts. As a whole, the current dispute resolution system of my organi zation is based on older concepts of industrial relations. But in the 21st century, individualized labor management appears to be more practical and potentially productive. At the first place, information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized present day workplace. Now there is a lot more scope of one to one interactions between peers. Also, superiors can interact with their subordinates on an individual basis with the help of techniques like social networking, online chatting, etc. Brett et al (2007) have explained the importance and inevitability of the utilization of ICT methods for resolving disputes and facilitating the dialogue in case there is a conflict. Further in my personal opinion, I believe that a policy of talking to the other party first can settle disputes before they surface. According to Colvin (2012), the new labor management conception in the USA is a lot more individualized. As such, emotional quotient and soft skills too can be highly fruitful a nd can help us before disputes reach serious dimensions. In the case of a conflict, if everyone is groomed to be good listeners beforehand, then we, the employees, can start a dialogue process on our own without an actual intervention of the higher management. Recommended Areas of Improvement There are two main recommended areas of improvement. Firstly, I think that my organization should now implement available ICT techniques more seriously with the specific consideration to the issues as related to the greater dispute resolution paradigm. For example, if the higher managers give at least a weekly feedback to their subordinates in a regular and periodic manner, then the subordinate staff can have a better understanding of both the good and bad things they do. And to facilitate such a kind of ICT powered individualized process of a periodic communication; we can induct ideas from the work of the scholars like Brett et al (2007). Secondly, the higher management should now consider ar ranging training sessions for the staff. All the staff must be given classroom lessons in soft skills at least once in a fortnight. In the view of the new labor management paradigm that gives an excessive importance to one to contact and dialogue, an increasing emotional quotient is critical and special soft skills training for all the staff of different departments can be rewarding. Another important aspect of necessary dispute resolution techniques might involve contract management set along strictly legal lines. My organization has set up contractual agreements with several workers. So, particularly in case of employment conflicts and confusions, the actual contract documents can be referred to. Scholars like Faems et al (2008) have given contextual suggestions

Deal of the day group buying website affect the young customers in Dissertation

Deal of the day group buying website affect the young customers in China - Dissertation Example Qualitative and quantitative research design was used. The research philosophy used was positivism or interpretive and the research approach used was deductive or inductive. The population of the study was based in Beijing China where a sample of 1,000 people was taken to represent the whole population.The SPSS statistical tool was used to analyze the data. Table of Contents Title page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 Table of content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......3 Chapter One:Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...4-8 Chapter Two:Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9-24 Chapter Three:Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25-26 Chapter Four:Data Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27-51 Chapter Five:Conclusion and Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..52-53 Appendix; Questionnaire†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦54-57 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...58-62 Chapter One Introduction Group-buying sites started in Chinese suppliers in the year 2010 March and instantly joined into competitive competitors for the business. At the optimizing of the trend, 5,058 such sites were in the marketplace, but there are only 943 left, generally due to a lack of financing, reviews news website Xkb.com.cn.Last year, a total of 1,514 groups-buying sites shut down or withdrew from the industry, a normal of four shutdowns per day, according to research from the Chinese suppliers Electronic Business Re search Center. It is agreed that in the present year, household internet leaders may also start to re-evaluate the value of their group-buying sites, and organizations may look to combine or negotiate considering the new customer pattern of buying on cell phone applications.In this summer, reviews appeared in China's Twitter and SinaWebat Juqi.com, one of the nation's top 10 group-buying sites, was near to bankruptcy, with several of its providers allegedly challenging to be compensated and starting to eliminate computer systems for the organization's head office after their demands were ignored. On August, 2, Juqi declined the rumors’ on its website, saying the organization is still in function. However, it is considered that the organization has already revoked its functions due to deficiency of financing;Juqistepped out for business in July 2010 and commenced websites in 15 places providing cafe, enjoyment and resort group-buying offers. It rated among the top 10 group-buy ing websites last season, the review said. Wang Qiheng, CEO of Lingtuan.com, linked the failing of Juqi to its problems in establishing the route of its growth and cost control, thus leading to a financing absence and problems from clients. According to numbers collected by Tuan800.com, in the first 50 percent of the season the top five group-buying websites, such as Dianping.com and Meituan.com, included 90.09% of the complete household industry. Meanwhile, there are now only 943 group-buying websites remaining in the marketplace — a rate of success of just 18.6%. Contrary to the reducing number of the sites, the

Nozicks argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nozicks argument - Essay Example The rights of others are usurped to a certain extent if governments implement projects for the benefit of the underprivileged compelling participation that could lucidly be illustrated through taxation. This proposition is not without its merit but there is more to human nature and the purpose of government that this absolutist disposition. If governments would not execute any effort and would only be constrained predominantly on enforcement then there would be no room for balancing out the virtue of equality among the people. Each would only look out for his own benefit that it will only be a conservatively utilitarian society. This is perceptibly nowhere near ideal for there will not only be a lack of justice but it also entails diminished moral ground. The gap in each social stratum will widen that it may result in social distress where chaos and anarchy may ensue because of the atmosphere of dissatisfaction. The primary function of any good government is the maintenance of order which can only be attained if people are satisfied with their lives. This is not often the case for every individual and this is where government sets in to intervene. Perhaps to an extent it appropriates more to some which came from others. But though there may not be a direct relationship to a man’s toil contributed for another’s benefit each person who contributes for the overall betterment of society gains an altruistic sense that helps society. This, above any other personal interest, is enough to refute Novick’s

Attachment Theories in Social Work Practice

Attachment Theories in Social Work Practice Demonstrating knowledge of relevant Theoretical frameworks (John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth and Vera Fahlberg), discuss the challenges faced by social care workers in promoting attachment with clients in their agencies. Essay should include practice examples to support your argument. Introduction It is the purpose of this essay to discuss the challenges faced by social care workers in promoting attachment with clients in their agencies. This essay will be broken down into three main sections. Firstly, in understanding the basics of attachment theory as a broad outline to the essay, secondly a consideration of attachment theory in particular in relation to the challenges of social work, and thirdly a more specific consideration of attachment in relation to working as a secure unit for boys aged between 12-16, which is the specific situation faced by the author. Although the essay will be broken down into these three key areas, it is to be expected that there will be a certain amount of overlap between these three areas, and in particular than an understanding of the issues face by social care workers will also be present in the first section as well as the latter two sections. Understanding Attachment Theory Attachment theory, in as far as we understand it here has developed largely from the work of Bowlby and subsequently Ainsworth. Green (2003, p13) notes that ‘The attachment framework has for some time now been very influential and relevant to clinicians. As a theory it has offered a systematic way of understanding and measuring a primary, innate need. It lays emphasis on observable interactions that characterise the qualitative aspects of the inter-relationship between two people’. Not only is it relevant to clinicians but also to those working on the field of social care and welfare, as it seeks to both define and to explain the relationship between a care worker and those in care, providing a framework of action and expectation of the eventual result of the transaction of care. Holmes (1993, p.67) states that ‘attachment theory is in essence a spatial theory: when I am close to my loved one I feel good, when I am far away I am anxious, sad or lonely’. Many of the problems that are dealt with via the means of social care can be often as a result of a lack of this attachment, a disattachment as it were of the individual from the spatial relationship (often, but not necessarily the mother) that has promoted this sense of well-being and comfort. As Simpson and Rholes (1998, p.6) indicate, ‘attachment theory robustly demonstrates, as Steele argues, the need for a secure base. It posits our drive for a warm, safe relationship as a fundamental motivator. Well-being, in the first instance, depends on the maintenance of a secure bond.’ Therefore, attachment behaviour which demonstrates the lack of this bond, such as that potentially demonstrated by young offenders, shows evidence of either the weakness of lack of this bond, and should be re ctified. An important part of this from the social care workers perspective is an awareness of the family unit of the individual within their care. This is particular the case in our current study of adolescents aged between 12-16, recognising that, as do Simpson Rholes (1998, p.101) that ‘from an attachment point of view the discovery that the children who were classified as securely attached to their mothers with psychiatric symptoms more often developed later problems than did the children who were insecurely attached to symptomatic mothers’. Working with an understanding of the wider family situation therefore is of vital importance in recognising, diagnosing and treating those with such problems. Attachment Theory and Social Work Challenges There are, of course, particular challenges brought about by attachment theory in a social work setting. These raise questions that need to be answered by a social care worker in the context of their clients. There is this sense, already mentioned in the previous section, of the history of the client. This is not just to be dealt with by the social care worker, but will often involve a dialogue between the care worker in the client, for as Fahlberg (1991, p.6) notes, ‘it is difficult to grow up as a psychologically healthy adult if one is denied access to one’s own history.’ One particular challenge in promoting attachment in terms of social work is that the client’s social worker will not practically be available in a twenty four hour way in the same that perhaps the person’s primary caregiver has been in the past (although this may not have been the case at all). If the client has a number of different social care workers, this may make it very difficult to promote attachment if the care worker is intended to be viewed as a primary (or only) caregiver. Atwool (1997) notes that ‘consistency in the response of the caregiver is an important factor in building secure attachments. Where the environment is chaotic and the primary caregiver is not available to the child secure attachment will not be possible.’ It is important therefore in such situations and in the context of attachment theory, that as much consideration is given to the availability of the caregiver as possible, and also that there should be a high level of consiste ncy in the behaviour and action of this caregiver, if powerful and successful attachments are to be made. There may indeed be cases where a social care worker is, for many reasons, potentially the first secure attachment that an individual has had. This may particularly be the case in terms of adolescents who have had a difficult life thus far. Goldberg, et al. (1993, p.45) note how Ainsworth altered our understanding of this issue, in that ‘Ainsworth contributed the concept of the attachment figure as a secure base from which an infant can explore the world’. Social care work therefore, is a challenge, but can itself if successful provide this secure base from which clients can explore the world anew and afresh. Attachment Theory in a Secure Unit This third section will focus more specifically on the social work challenges involved in promoting attachment in a secure unit for boys between the ages of 12-16 who are serving sentences of anywhere between one month and four years in detention. Cassidy and Shaver (1999, p.368) note that ‘adolescent boys from father-absent homes tend to show, relative to father-present adolescents, more antagonistic attitudes toward femininity and toward women, exaggerated masculinity, and a relatively exploitative attitude toward females, with sexual contact appearing important as conquest and as a means of validating masculinity (Draper and Belsky, 1990)†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. This will not be the case for all such young boys, but for almost all of them there will have been a sense of disattachment, and quite likely a failure in ability to form a narrative competence. This narrative competence, as described by Holmes (1993, p.9) states that ‘securely attached children tell coherent stories a bout their lives, however difficult they have been, while insecurely attached children have much greater difficulty in narrative competence, either dismissing their past or remaining bogged down in it, and in neither case being able to talk objectively about it.’ Part of the role therefore of social care work in this context is to begin the process of developing this narrative competence while enabling attachment to gradually take place at a much stronger level than it has done before. We now understand that attachment is so much more than just between two people, but that people develop multiple attachments. In the context of the secure unit therefore, it is important to develop the attachments not only between the adolescent and the social care worker, but also to do as much possible to promote the attachments within the family unit. Clearly depending on the history and nature of the family, this may not be practical, but where it can be done, it should be attempted, and can be a major key in breaking the cycle of criminal activity. Holmes (1993, p.66) states that ‘secure attachment provides an external ring of psychological protection which maintains the child’s metabolism in a stable state, similar to the internal physiologic al homeostatic mechanisms of blood-pressure and temperature control’. For those 12-16 yr old boys, they are at the cusp of their childhood attachments and towards making attachments as adults, and they should be taught and shown by modelling behaviour how to achieve these secure attachments and to improve their lives. Providing the correct environment is vital, as detention can be seen as a fearful place for young minds. Ainsworth, et al. (1978, p.20) state ‘how crucial it is in a potentially fear-arousing situation to be with a trusted companion, for with such a companion fear of all kinds of situation diminishes, whereas when alone fear is magnified. Attachment figures are ones most trusted companions’. Conclusion We have considered therefore, a basic understanding of attachment theory, as well as applying it in a wider sense to social care work. We have also considered some specific challenges of application of attachment theory in the case of a secure unit of young offenders. Attachment theory has much to offer social care work, but there are also challenges in promoting attachment in a social care setting. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E. Wall, S., 1978, Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Atwool, N, 2003. Attachment as a Context for Development: Challenges and Issues Available at: http://www.thelizlibrary.org/liz/attachment.html [Accessed 25th October 2008]. Cassidy, J. Shaver, P.R., 1999, Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. New York: Guilford Fahlberg, V.I., 1991, A Childs Journey Through Placement. Indianapolis: Perspective Press Green, V., 2003, Emotional Development in Psychoanalysis, Attachment Theory and Neuroscience: Creating Connections. New York: Brunner-Routledge Goldberg, S. Muir, R. Kerr, J., 1993, Attachment Theory: Social, Developmental, and Clinical Perspectives. New York: Routledge Holmes, J., 1993, John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. London: Routledge Howe, D., 1995, Attachment Theory in Social Work Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan Simpson, J.A. Rholes, W.S., 1998, Attachment Theory and Close Relationships. New York: Guilford

Essay --

I. - Là ©vi-Strauss’ â€Å"La Pensà ©e Sauvage†, scientific explanation is substitution of the more intelligible complexity for the less intelligible - The Enlightenment viewed human nature as all the same, regularly defined, did not account for the variability of all of man through history - Culture arose from the idea that man is inseparable from his surroundings - There must be balance between universal and local (culturally determined), not dualistic like the Balinese in their dissociated trances II. - â€Å"Stratigraphic† conception of human factors, wherein man is composed of layers of different factors of humanity - Anthropologists began search for â€Å"consensus gentium† (consensus of all mankind) - For universal/particular dualism to stand, universal aspects must be substantial, grounded in scientific processes, defensible; Geertz thinks gentium approach fails - No generalizations can be made of man, except that - Parsons & others said that cultural universals are human responses to realities all humans face - Common human action is much more meaningful than simple response to need III. - Universals are accepted to avoid relativism and historicism, but the specific can teach a lot about the general - Culture is not complexes of concrete behavior patterns, but a set of control mechanisms to govern behavior - Man depends on such control mechanisms, and they are not genetic - Humans use social symbols and ideas to create meaning - Culture did not suddenly appear, it evolved with humanity; genetics were not enough so men were guided by and completed through the creation of culture - Humans have a great capacity to learn, but there is also much to be learned; culture helps us to learn that which we need to know IV. - Enlightenment thinking... ...p in a limitless ocean. Yet what is any ocean, but a multitude of drops?† So in the end, what does it matter that we are human? Maybe, as a Christians and humans, we must start viewing others as humans. We are so quick to apologize for what the church did to other humans in the crusades, or to humans before blacks were free. When we own up to our own humanness and stop the idea that we are the judge of who is human, maybe we will apologize to the gays, lesbians, bisexuals, pot smokers, democrats, republicans, and independents alike for what people have done to them in the name of the church. Against all odds, we are told that one man will never make a difference. I think the beauty of humanity is that it’s true. One man will never, ever make a difference by himself. But humanity as a whole, working together as one human race? That may just shake things up a bit. â€Æ'

Police Discretion Essay

Police discretion is an unwritten law meaning it is not concretely represented in the constitution or any other rules or regulations governing law enforcement. However, it is a practical part of law enforcement because there are times when sound personal judgment and decision-making becomes necessary in the process. Police discretion is highly important in situations wherein the role of rules and laws are ambiguous or inapplicable. Although unwritten in documents presenting laws, it is valid because the police is an institution granted authority and power. Moreover, law enforcement agencies are expected to abide by ethics and morality at all times when practicing police discretion. Police discretion is valid because it is exercised by an authority or power, but then it becomes steadfast and trustworthy if it is practiced within the bounds of ethics and morality. (Atherton, 2001) Herein lay judgments and criticisms regarding police discretion. Police discretion is ideally utilized to determine whether to intercede with behavior and activities. This is supposed to be the primary purpose of police discretion. (Seri, 2008) For instance, a police man happens to chance upon a man shouting at his wife in a public place. Police discretion concerns making the decision of whether to intervene in the process with considerations to privacy issues since it is a private matter between husband and wife, but since it is in public, the situation’s relation to public disturbance is not something to be disregarded. At this point, police discretion addresses the matter of whether to intervene or not. (Kelling, 1999) The fabled and fictitious source aspect of police discretion is its relation to the philosophical foundations of ethics and morality. Conflicts in the practice of police work require discretion for its resolution. However, conflicts and ambiguities do not depend on just discretion, but count on morality to frame the judgment and decision-making process in order to uphold sound preferences when carrying out decisions. Morality talks about what is right from wrong – the right, based on the rules and commandments presented by God to man. Moreover, morality talks about intention as a primary factor in determining the goodness of an action, behavior or decision. This philosophical concept builds on what police discretion is about, guiding judgments and rationalizations in order to arrive at a morally good action. (Greenawalt, 1987) Perhaps it is rational to include the mythical concept of ethics and morality in framing police discretion guidelines and policies. Controlling philosophical concepts as a means to guide police discretion practices ensure that intentions are upright and the end action of the decision is morally good. This upholds accountability and values development in the field of law enforcement. Moreover, it addresses the matter of debate regarding the negative implications of allowing law enforcement agencies freedom to make decisions in their line of industry. It eliminates the abuse of power, and shifts it to the use of police discretion conscientiously. Another purpose of police discretion is making a decision of whether to label a particular action, behavior, or activity as criminal. (Seri, 2008) Juvenile crimes are primary targets of this issue since charging children with crimes is a sensitive concern. If for instance a police man catches a minor stealing from a grocery store, police discretion is practiced to make a decision on whether to charge the child with a criminal case. Other options include giving the child a chance by advising him to not repeat the act again and then letting him go, talking with the child’s parents directly to ensure that a the negative nature of the child does not go undisciplined, turning the child over to social welfare services, and charging the child with a criminal case. The decision of what to do in this particular scenario as well as similar situations, wherein there are opportunities of making sound judgments and decisions unguided by laws, is part of police discretion. Overall, police discretion is a power granted to members of the law enforcement as a means of raising the accountability of the institution by empowering them to learning and applying sound and moral concepts that promotes progress and development in the field of law enforcement. (Seri, 2008) To delineate further the concept of police discretion, five police actions will be discussed and analyzed in order to determine the expediency of practicing police discretion and identifying whether it is reasonable or an abuse of power. Harnessing the influence of the community as an effort to promote community policing is one task that law enforcement should work on. This is reasonable as the decision to formulate a neighborhood watch program to realize the goal of community policing sustains peace, order and security in the community. This action becomes an abuse of power if members of the community are forced to help in the process of enforcing laws. Community policing should be a voluntary effort. Minors are given light sanctions for criminal activities because of their inability to think rationally and independently without guidance from people in authority. Police discretion is acceptable when it comes to adjusting the enforcement of law to a particular situation where a minor is concerned. Police discretion becomes an abuse of power if minors who are caught committing crimes are directly charged with criminal cases without reviewing the need for social work intervention, counseling, and other lighter sanctions and disciplinary actions. When it comes to police interrogation, questioning techniques is part of police discretion. Policemen are given authority to subject suspects, witnesses, and victims to interrogations. Police discretion is acceptable if questions, in whatever form or manner executed, are relevant to the case and properly carried out in the process. It becomes abuse of power if people who are being interrogated are subject to threats and hostilities, forced to answer questions, and are asked personal matters. This goes the same with searching properties to look for evidence. Police discretion is deciding what areas within the properties to search, of course with the grant of a search warrant. It becomes an abuse of power if damage is inflicted to property as a means of hostile interaction with other people. Lastly, respecting the privacy of any individual should be maintained by law enforcement agencies. Although sustaining laws requires the obtainment of truth and factual information, police work should also consider privacy of other people in order to practice police discretion ideally and not abusively.

The Underworld Adventure of Aeneas in The Aeneid

The Underworld Adventure of Aeneas in The Aeneid Virgil imbues his Hades, as well as his Elysium, with a substantiated and understandable raison detre , and in the process corrects the notions of his predecessor [Homer in the Odyssey]. For Virgil, the Underworld must be categorized and organized as well as justified: thus the grouping of the souls of his Hades by reason or nature of punishment.Interaction and Reaction in Virgil and Homer Underworld Issues Here are some of the unanswered questions about the mythology of the Underworld that are left at the end of the nekuia (Underworld scene) of Book XI of the Odyssey, by Homer: Why was Elpenor upset that he hadnt been buried?Why was it said that Tiresias, of all mortals, was permitted to keep a clear head about mortal matters?Why were the shades of the eternally tortured, Sisyphus, Tityos, and Tantalus, near each other? The view of the Underworld presented in the nekuia is alien from modern views of death. Its hard to understand what went on when one adheres strictly to Judaeo-Christian visions of Hell. On this page and the next are some insights into the Homeric Underworld, based on references to Vergil. The Aeneid, by Vergil (or Virgil), was written many centuries after Homers Odyssey. Despite a few centuries, Vergil is chronologically closer to Homer than we are. Vergil is a good model also because he deliberately patterned his work on Homer and elaborated on it, and he lived in a milieu where Homers writing was still very much a part of the common culture since Homer was at the heart of the routine education of children. Therefore, Vergil tells us something about the Greco-Roman (pagan) Underworld that we should know to understand Homers nekuia. The striking similarities and close contrasts between the Underworlds of the two poets make it painfully obvious that Virgil was strongly affected by the ideas instilled in Homers text. How exactly he reacted to this burden, however, and how he attempted to justify his own work and separate it from that of Homer: these are the difficult yet ever-important questions. In re-creating Homers Hades, and in the process facing up to his predecessor, Virgil exhibits clearly his desire to re-work Homer, to complete and perfect the vision of the earlier poet.Interaction and Reaction in Virgil and Homer Reasons for Going to the Underworld HomerOdysseus goes to the Underworld for help getting home.VergilAeneas goes to pay a duty call on his dead father Anchises. Underworld Guidance HomerThe help Odysseus seeks comes from the prophet, Tiresias, in the Underworld and the sorceress, Circe, among the living.VergilAmong the living, Aeneas seeks the guidance of the Sibyl at Cumae, a priestess of Apollo who speaks inspired prophetic utterances. Among the dead, he seeks the counsel of his father. Warnings HomerCirce calms his fears and instructs Odysseus on how to travel.VergilThe Sibyl tells Aeneas how to proceed but warns him that while the trip to Hades is easy, the return voyage is limited to the select favorites of Jupiter. Aeneas must be divinely chosen if he is to return. This isnt all that terrifying a caveat, however, since he will know in advance whether he will be able to make the trip. In order to start the journey, the Sibyl says he must find a golden bough sacred to Proserpine. Should the gods not want him to proceed, he will fail to find it, but he does find it. In the guise of two doves, Venus, Aeneas mother, guides him. Unburied Dead Like Odysseus, Aeneas has a dead companion to bury, but unlike his predecessor, Aeneas must bury him before proceeding to the Underworld because the death has contaminated Aeneas fleet (totamque incestat funere classem). Aeneas does not initially know which of his companions has died. When he finds Misenus dead, he performs the necessary ceremonies. Misenus lay extended on the shore;Son of the God of Winds: none so renowndThe warrior trumpet in the field to sound;With breathing brass to kindle fierce alarms,And rouse to dare their fate in honorable arms.He servd great Hector, and was ever near,Not with his trumpet only, but his spear.But by Pelides arms when Hector fell,He chose Æneas; and he chose as well.Swoln with applause, and aiming still at more,He now provokes the sea gods from the shore;With envy Triton heard the martial sound,And the bold champion, for his challenge, drownd;Then cast his mangled carcass on the strand:The gazing crowd around the body stand.162-175 Slightly different from Odysseus, Aeneas has 2 men for whom he must provide funeral rites, but he doesnt find the second until the Sibyl has taken him to the shores of the River Styx, past the companions of Death: Famine, Pestilence, Old Age, Poverty, Fear, Sleep, and Disease (Curae, Morbi, Senectus, Metus, Fames, Egestas, Letum, Labos, and Sopor). There, on the shore, Aeneas finds his recently deceased helmsman, Palinurus, who cannot cross over until he is given a proper funeral rites. Proper burial is impossible since he was lost at sea.

Smart Study Strategies - Skills for 7 Intelligence Types

Smart Study Strategies - Skills for 7 Intelligence Types People are smart in different ways. Some people can create a catchy song at the drop of a hat. Others can memorize everything in a book, paint a masterpiece, or be the center of attention. When you realize what youÂ’re good at, you can figure out the best way to study. Based on Howard GardnerÂ’s theory of intelligence, these study tips can help you tailor your learning for your intelligence type.Word Smart (Linguistic intelligence) Ââ€" Word smart people are good with words, letters, and phrases. They enjoy activities such as reading, playing scrabble or other word games, and having discussions. If youÂ’re word smart, these study strategies can help: • make flashcards• take extensive notes• keep a journal of what you learn Number Smart (logical-mathematical intelligence) • make your notes into numeric charts and graphs• use the roman numeral style of outlining• put information you receive into categories and classifications that you create Picture Smart (spatial intelligence) • sketch pictures that go along with your notes or in the margins of your textbooks• draw a picture on a flashcard for each concept or vocabulary word you study• use charts and graphic organizers to keep track of what you learn Body Smart (Kinesthetic intelligence) • act out or imagine the concepts you need to remember• look for real-life examples that demonstrate what youÂ’re learning about• search for manipulatives, such as computer programs, that can help you master material Music Smart (Musical intelligence) • create a song or rhyme that will help you remember a concept• listen to classical music while you study• remember vocabulary words by linking them to similar-sounding words in your mind People Smart (Interpersonal intelligence) • discuss what you learn with a friend or family member• have someone quiz you before an exam• create or join a study group Self Smart (Intrapersonal intelligence) • keep a personal journal about what youÂ’re learning• find a place to study where you wonÂ’t be interrupted• keep yourself involved in assignments by individualizing each project

Research Ppaer with draft Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ppaer with draft - Research Paper Example Since gene mutations primarily cause the condition, attempts to develop gene and cell therapies provide a possible cure for the various types of Muscular Dystrophies. However, gene and cell therapies come with several challenges, especially since the skeletal muscle is the most abundant in the human body. Gene therapy involves gene replacement or modification. As a result, the need to find an efficient method to deliver the new gene to the body becomes of paramount importance. One of the challenges facing gene therapy is the packaging of genes. For example, dystrophin, whose defects are responsible for DMD and Becker MD. Dystrophin is larger than the packaging capacity of many vectors used in delivering the gene to the skeletal muscles. According to Chamberlain 2002, truncated versions of the dystrophin gene become the solution. Research shows that truncating the Central Rod and the C-terminal domains causes minimal changes on the functionality of the dystrophin gene. Shortened versions of the dystrophin gene tested on mice in preclinical studies provide positive results indicating that the micro-dystrophins reverse the abnormalities of the dystrophic muscle.(Cossu & Sampaolesi, 2007) Gene therapy faces the challenge of identifying a favorable viral vector focusing on Adenoviral vectors (Ad), retroviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAV). Ad vectors contain large capacity of cloning and efficiently infect the muscle. Development of the ‘gutted’ Ad tackles the problem of immune response triggered by the Ad vector. According to Chamberlain (2002), the gutted version contains the ability to package full-length cassettes of dystrophin. However, the Ad vector’s large size hinders diffusion in muscle tissue. Hence, Ad vector is not the best choice vector. Retroviruses posses small cloning capacity and hence are limited to the delivery of mini dystrophins. The most promising gene delivery vector proves to be adeno-associated virus (AAV). (Haidet, Mendell &

Insulin Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Insulin Administration - Essay Example The methods and techniques utilized for insulin administration should be understood by the nurses at an appropriate level to avoid the unwanted consequences that may result due to improper drug usage. The nurses should be aware of the proper dosage techniques of insulin along with the appropriate ways of injecting the drug to the patients. The nurses should be actively involved in such cases and they should monitor these patients on regular basis to ensure that their blood glucose levels stay within the normal limits. The nurses also have important roles in the outpatient settings. Their proper understanding of insulin administration ways is essential owing to the fact that they have to impart this knowledge to the patients as well. The patients are to be guided in the best manner so that when they are at home, they know the best ways to take care of their health. This is done by explaining the ways of administering insulin in association with proper dosage and monitoring.The knowled ge with regard to insulin administration is very essential for my career as a registered nurse. This is because it is an important aspect of the work that a nurse has to perform. It is important for the nursing practice as they are actively involved in both the hospital settings as well as the outpatient departments. Proper information with this regard can assist the nurse to prevent many untoward medical results.The patients who are on insulin administration should be treated with the combined assistance and coordination of nurses.

Patirnt's Privacy & Public trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Patirnt's Privacy & Public trust - Essay Example Patient's Medical File’s Privacy Berle, I. (2011). Privacy and Confidentiality: What is the Difference. Journal Of Visual Communication In Medicine, 34(1), 43-44. doi:10.3109/17453054.2011.550845 Privacy and confidentiality are paramount in ensuring a good doctor-patient relationship. Berle notes the distinction between the two in the medical context that governs that relationship. He clarifies two misconceptions between privacy and confidentiality and their considerations, under the Human Rights Act. This article, however, misses more precise ideas. The article requires empowerment by providing related and serious issues of privacy and confidentiality. However, I found this citation as a good source for my research. The difference between privacy and confidentiality, according to Belle, is to raise awareness and restate the concepts of responsible rules to protect patients and providers to the right processing. Other than doctor’s nurses too are responsible for ensurin g patient confidentiality. Mcgowan, C. (2012). Patients' Confidentiality. Critical Care Nurse, 32(5), 61-65. doi:10.4037/ccn2012135 Nurses, under law, serve as key parties in ensuring that patient information remains confidential and only authorized personnel receive access to it. As a working nurse, Mcgowan bases the article on her practical experince in the hospital medical service at Emerson Hospital in Concord, Massachusetts. She points out the main rules and polices that nurses follow during their duties to protect the privacy of the patients. She notes the conflict that arises when family members and friends request for patient information from the nurses. The article however concludes by clearing the air and giving a list of health care providers and other parties authorized to share the patient's information. Nevertheless, confidentiality has limits; and certain circumstances necessitate the breach of this confidentiality. Sankar, P., Mora, S., Jones, N. L.,& Merz, J. F., (2 003), Patient Perspectives of Medical Perspectives, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(8), 659-669, Doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003 Patient confidentiality is a vital aspect in medical healthcare. As a result, the perspective of patients in understanding this is necessary. This article explores the way patients view doctor-patient confidentiality. Findings show that many patients are unaware about the details concerning the nondisclosure laws of patient information by medical professionals. As a result, many patients overestimate or underestimate the ethical laws protecting them from unauthorized disclosure. There is a deep need for patients to learn about their ethical rights regarding confidentiality. In addition, the paper cites that public education ought to teach patients on the limitations of such laws and the circumstances under which this confidentiality agreement fails to hold. Reports on the paper also explain the effect of the patient’s perception on confidentia lity on seeking medical help. Several patients report that fear of disclosure of their medical records leads to their lack of seeking medical attention. Confidentiality and Its Limits (2011) Hastings Center Report, 41(6), 12 To guarantee the welfare of a patient, medical personnel at times breach the confidentiality of patient data. The article elaborates circumstances that necessitate the breaching of the non-disclosure contract, and the impact such actions hold on public trust on health systems.

A ghost story Essay Example for Free

A ghost story Essay The Turn of the Screw is a story written in 1898 and from a governess point of view. In the main story the governess thinks the two children she is caring for are under the evil influence of two ghosts, Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. What we would expect from an opening to a ghost story written in 1898 is to be launched straight into the plot. We would expect this because this grips the readers attention and makes you want to read on. We would also expect the setting to be introduced because this makes you become involved in the story. We would expect the language to be complex because this is the style that was used in the eighteen hundreds. We would expect the characters to be introduced and to become real to the reader. We would expect this because the reader will not believe in the characters if they do not seem realistic. We would also expect atmosphere to be created because this prepares the reader for a ghost story and makes the reader feel part of the story. We would also expect tension to be created because this makes us want to read on. The Turn of the Screw is in some ways typical of an opening to a ghost story written in the eighteen hundreds because the style is complex: for the first sentence, which is long, dense and contains four conjunctions. This however suits the Turn of the Screw because it mirrors the complexity of the story. Similarly the Turn of the Screw is typical of an opening to a ghost story because atmosphere is created. There is a sinister feel created; this is because it is set on Christmas Eve in an old house. This prepares us for a ghost story that is about to be told. The group of strangers is sat round the fire in an old fashioned house. This gives the impression of a traditional setting for telling ghost stories. The fact that it is a group of strangers also makes it seem spookier. The atmosphere is emphasised when the members of the group pick up their candlesticks before they go to bed. This adds to the feeling that everything is very old fashioned and spooky. This is in keeping with ghost stories as they are usually set in old fashioned and have spooky atmosphere to them especially the setting. It also lets you imagine the scene of flickering candles in an old fashioned house. When Douglas goes up to bed the rest of the group heard his step on the stair. This gives the reader the impression that Douglas footsteps are echoing through the great brown hall. This adds to the atmosphere because the footsteps are echoing and spooky. The great brown hall also adds to the idea of the old fashioned house.

Ethnic Identity and the Maintenance of Heritage Languages Essays

Ethnic Identity and the Maintenance of Heritage Languages ‘Neither ethnicity nor mother tongue nor even identities can be treated as things, commodities, that one can choose and discard like an old coat at will’ ~Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (qtd in Fishman 55) Broadly speaking, â€Å"language policy† in the United States is thought of as a covert policy. Schiffman (2000) writes of the challenges of researching this field, given that issues of language are usually addressed subordinately to other issues. In Schiffman’s view, it is a fallacy to assume that the U.S. government is neutral in regard to issues of language simply because the U.S. does not have an official language; in actuality, the strength of this â€Å"covert† policy lies in how the government deals with issues of language in conjunction with, for example, education and immigration policies (Schiffman 211). Despite America’s history of immigration and linguistic diversity, the only overt piece of legislation passed whose purpose was to protect a specific language’s use was the Native American Languages Act of 1990 (Schiffman 263), which stated that protecting Native American languages was the â€Å"policy† of the United States g overnment. From the 19th century onward, English, then, has served as a â€Å"de facto† language of the United States, although no laws in addition to the previously mentioned act have been enacted to protect the rights of speakers of languages other than English. Many researchers have pointed out how the federal government did not intervene in issues of language, because the right to speak a language was considered a natural extension of living in a democratic society, and therefore did not have to be protected under the law (as cited in Bey... ...;!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> â€Å"Steve.† Personal Interview. 28 April, 2003. Works Consulted â€Å"Gold Mountain Dreams,† and â€Å"Between Two Worlds.† Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Narr. Bill Moyers. Producer Thomas Lennon. PBS. 25-26 March 2003. Jen, Gish. Mona in the Promised Land. New York: Vintage, 1997. Piller, Ingrid. â€Å"Passing for a Native Speaker: Identity and Success in Second Language Learning.† Journal of Sociolinguistics 6.2 (2002): 179-206. Spolsky, Bernard. Sociolinguistics. Oxford University Press, 1997. Tong, Yuk Yue, et al. â€Å"Language Use as a Carrier of Social Identity.† International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 23.2 (1999): 281-296.

Richard Ii - Silence Is The Plot :: essays research papers

In this play of challenge and debate, could it be possibly suggested that King Richard had a part to play in the murder of his uncle the Duke of Gloucester? Could the reader possibly pick up this assumption having known nothing about the play? These are all factors that one must find by reading in between the lines, noticing and understanding the silence that is exchanged. For the silence is just as important as the speech.Why is it assumed that King Richard II has anything to do with the murder? Let us review a scene from the play were Gaunt accuses Richard of being accountable for Gloucester's death. "Gaunt: O, spare me not, my [brother] Edward's son, For that I was his father Edward's son, That blood already, like the pelican, Hast thou tapp'd out and drunkenly carous'd. My brother Gloucester, plain well-meaning soul, Whom fair befall in heaven 'mongst happy souls, May be a president and witness good That thou respect'st not spilling Edwards blood." (II.i) That passage simply states: You may be a king, but you could have respected my brother enough not to kill him. There is also another quote were Mowbray indirectly suggests that the King is also at fault. "Mow: O, let my sovereign turn away his face, And bid his ears a little while be deaf, Till I have told this slander of his blood, How God and good men hate so foul a liar." (I.i) Yet with saying this remark about the King, he also begs for his innocence. "Mine honor is my life, both grow in one, Take honor from me, and my life is done. Then, dear my liege, mine honor let me try; In that I live, and for that I will die." (I.i) These passages indirectly state that King Richard II is at fault for the death of his uncle. But for the reader to see this they must break down the play and search for those "hidden meanings".For the ordinary reader, who does not search, the text clearly states that the fight for innocence is distinctly between Bullingbrook and Mowbray. Such an example can be found in Act I: "Bull: That he [Mowbray] did plot the Duke of Gloucester's death,Suggest his soon-believing adversaries,And consequently, like a traitor coward,Sluic'd his innocent soul through streams of blood." The rest of the dialogue converses back and forth between Bullingbrook and Mowbray, each fighting for their own innocence.

How Does Groupthink Affect Decision Making in an Organasation Essay

Colman(2001) in a dictionary of psychology defines groupthink as â€Å" a collective pattern of defensive avoidance , characteristic of a group decision making in organisations in which group members develop rationalisations in supporting illusions of their own infallibility and invulnerability within the organisation . †p. 318. It entails that there is more of concurrence than critical thinking when making decisions in an organisation. This article will discuss how groupthink can affect decision making in an organisation such as school, political party and airtel (Business Company). Groupthink can cause poor performance or even failure to achieve the organisations objectives. Its tendency of seeking concurrence can for example make a wrong decision triumph (Shepherd, 1964). For instance, a cafeteria committee can change the supplier of food stuffs. If the group does not objectively consider the decision may end up selecting poor food stuffs that may be unhealthy to the students. Coon and Mitterer (2007) state that the urge to make such decisions may arise from the need to maintain others approval even at the cost of critical thinking. In apolitical party groupthink results in poor allocation of resources. For example, parties spend a great deal of resources of University Party Wings at the expense of the grassroots electorate. It a phenomenon that protectors of their group do not scrutinise critically but merely sustains the tradition due to failure to see other alternatives that could be available. Groupthink creates failed systems in organisations (Harvard business School, Online). Institutions are likely to repeat or continue of ineffective projects. Members of a group converge their opinions without objective analysis (Brown, 1965). This results in no consultations as outer groups are seen as enemies. They also feel to be infallible. A failed system is thus likely to emerge due to groupthink. For instance, airtel introduced some irrelevant airtime bundles which they had to reverse after some time because they discovered that they made two identical bundles. In a school as an institution, a possible example of how groupthink can affect decision making is that some students in class may yield to groupthink. Teachers have to note the enormous ability of students to influence others in decisions. Through groupthink learners might agree on a wrong decision or force others to agree (Gage, 1995). Learners may thus fail to grasp the intended learning outcomes. Groupthink also affects decision making in organisations in the way that solutions that are initially presented by most members are never re-examined to seek out less obvious shortfalls and strengths. They even fail examine those original points that were supported by the majority. This leads to decisions that result in costly mistakes. For example, there could be an element of groupthink in primary schools who force learners to pay money to access the free primary education. The teachers claim that the money is for the salary for watchmen among other claims, yet it is clear that that is the duty of government. The results in such primary schools has been increased abscondment let alone drop outs. Similarly, some primary school committees have decided to compel learners to be fetching firewood for the as School Feeding Programme. This costs students time and the rationality of the decision is questionable. The other way in which groupthink affects decision making in organisation is that decisions are centre around the control of one person usually a leader who protects the group from adverse information that might undermine the existing complacency. Direct pressure is also mounted on any member who might hold dissenting views on consensus opinion (Colman, 2001; Weiten, 2007). This automatically rules out comfortable participation from members there by compromising the credibility of an rganisation’s decisions. This in turn blocks communication flow which is vital in any organisation. For example, in Political Parties such tendencies lead to divisions manifested in emergency of mutinies such as that of United Democrat Front earlier this year when others went on with the Convention while other shunned it. In conclusion, groups are supposedly thought to have high likelihood of making brilliant decisions yet this is not always the case (Cartwright and Zander, 1968 cited in Levine and Moreland, 1995). It has been found that groupthink can affect the decision making in organisations that lead to poor decisions. Costy mistakes are made, objectives are not effectively achieved and groups fail to change a failing policy. Whyte (1989) points out that the wish for unanimity overrides members motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Thus, it can be argued generally that the effect of groupthink in organisation decision making is that it declines the quality of decisions tha t compromise the ambitions, efficiency and productivity of an organisation.

Describing The Situation Essays

Describing The Situation Essays Describing The Situation Paper Describing The Situation Paper The company that will be used as a case study in this paper is Beverly Health And Rehabilitation Center located in Jacksonville, Arkansas (Bates 11). Describing The Situation Kimberly Holdford stops by the Beverly Health in June of 1997 to pay a visit to her grandmother (Bates 11). Her grandmother is Jewel Elizabeth Forester (Bates 11). Forester has been at the center for a month already (Bates 11). She was admitted to the center due to a bout with a flu which has been causing her to become excessively dehydrated (Bates 11). Forester does not like the center (Bates 11). The aides at the center refuse to aid Forester when taking a bath, do not take her to the bathroom, and cause her to get soaked in feces and to cry endlessly (Bates 11). Holdford have no choice but to let her grandmother remain in Beverly (Bates 11). Beverly is the only nursing home with an available patient slot at that time (Bates 11).   An employee tells Holdford that her grandmother has been treated this way because the center is lacking employees or what is called, â€Å"understaffed,† (Bates 11). Forester is still active and sharp at her age of eighty years old (Bates 11). Before Holdford left for the camping trip in June of 1997,   Holdford noticed that her grandmother has been groggy and disoriented and would not wake up (Bates 11). However, Holdford thought then that the competent doctors at the center would come to her grandmother’s aid immediately, so Holdford had a peace of mind to leave the center in order to go on to went on a camping trip with her husband and twin daughters (Bates 11). But, no doctor attended to Forester that day (Bates 11).   On Monday, Forester was found almost comatose (Bates 11).   When brought to the hospital, the doctors discovered That Forester has been suffering a three time overdose of the therapeutic medicine Digoxin (Bates 11). Beverly staff had given Forester an overdose intake of the medication (Bates 11). This mistake has then caused the untimely death of Forester (Bates 11). How The Management Handles The Situation A vice president of Beverly, Dan Springer, has acknowledged their mistake (Bates 11). He has admitted that center has been having dilemmas when the nursing home has finally ceased operation as required by the state (Bates 11). Numerous patients at Beverly also suffered some disastrous situations. The management team of the nursing home has constantly been unable to resolve other similar problems such as this that it has gotten so worse that the state needed to require it to cease operation. The Outcome Federal officials have required their staff to conduct thorough investigation on the operation of nursing homes all over the United States (Bates 11). President Clinton has ordered that repeated offenders be penalized, the justice department investigates fraud and abuse in the nursing homes, and Congress has been willing to revise medical benefit programs policy in order to be able to shoulder long-term care expenses (Bates 11). But, these efforts focus more on cutting down on expenses in nursing home operations than in providing good quality nursing care (Bates 11).   As long as government officials are not able to realize this, the dilemma would not be resolved. How The Case Affected The Organization The case is just one of the mishaps that have occurred at Beverly. It sparked the start of mishap events that occurred further thereafter within the center. These mishaps in turn, caused the center to be forced by the state to stop its operations. Bates, Eric. â€Å"The Shame Of Our Nursing Homes.† The Nation 29 March 1999:11.