Social studies carried Essay Example for Free

Social studies carried Essay I will now write about two social studies carried out to investigate how people obey to authority and what affects this. Firstly I will explain an experiment carried out by Milgram.  He placed a newspaper advertisement offering $4.50 for an hours work, in response to this an individual turns up to take part in a Psychology experiment investigating memory and learning. He is introduced to a stern looking experimenter in a white coat and a rather pleasant and friendly co-subject. The experimenter explains that the experiment will look into the role of punishment in learning, and that one will be the teacher and one will be the learner. Lots are drawn to determine roles, and it is decided that the individual who answered the ad will become the teacher. (The drawing of lots was rigged, so that the actor would always end up as the learner.) Your co-subject is taken to a room where he is strapped in a chair to prevent movement and an electrode is placed on his arm. Next, the teacher is taken to an adjoining room which contains a generator. The teacher is instructed to read a list of two word pairs and ask the learner to read them back. If the learner gets the answer correct, then they move on to the next word. If the answer is incorrect, the teacher is supposed to shock the learner starting at 15 volts. The generator has 30 switches in 15 volt augmentations; each is labelled with a voltage ranging from 15 up to 450 volts. Each switch also has a rating, ranging from slight shock to danger: severe shock. The final two switches are labelled XXX. The teacher automatically is supposed to increase the shock each time the learner misses a word in the list. Although the teacher thought that he/she was administering shocks to the learner, the learner is actually a student or an actor who is never actually harmed. It was found that at times, the worried teachers questioned the experimenter, asking who was responsible for any harmful effects resulting from shocking the learner at such a high level. Upon receiving the answer that the experimenter assumed full responsibility, teachers seemed to accept the response and continue shocking, even though some were obviously extremely uncomfortable in doing so. The theory that only the most ghastly monsters on the merciless fringe of society would submit to such cruelty is disclaimed. Findings show that, two-thirds of this studies participants fall into the category of obedient subjects, and that they represent ordinary people drawn from the working, managerial, and professional classes (Obedience to Authority). Ultimately 65% of all of the teachers punished the learners to the maximum 450 volts. No subject stopped before reaching 300 volts. Here I have included an image of how the experiment was laid out: Milgram also conducted several follow-up experiments to determine what might change the likelihood of maximum shock delivery. In one condition, the touch-proximity condition, the teacher was required to hold the hand of the learner on a shock plate in order to give him shocks above 150 volts. The most interesting finding from this follow-up experiment is that 32% of the subjects in the proximity-touch condition held the hand of the learner on the shock plate while administering shocks in excess of 400 volts. Further experiments showed that teachers were less obedient when the experimenter communicated with them via the telephone versus in person, and males were just as likely to be obedient as females, although females tended to be more nervous. There was another main study carried out to analyze obedience in a real life scenario, this was done in a hospital with nurses. It was conducted in the following way the study was set in a psychiatric hospital in the America. The participants were 22 nurses on night duty. An unknown doctor, who was a confederate, telephoned the hospital and spoke to a nurse. He instructed them to give medication to a patient. The medication was a drug with a maximum dosage of 10Mg (which was shown on the label of the bottle). The doctor instructed the nurse to give a dosage of 20Mg to the patient and said that he would sign the relevant authorisation papers when he arrived in the hospital in 10 minutes time. It was hospital rules to not take these kinds of orders on the telephone. This was done with each of the 22 nurses. The result was that 21/22 of the nurses obeyed the telephone instruction and began to prepare the medication before they were stopped and the situation was explained to them.

Immigration Restriction Law of 1924 Essay -- essays research papers

The immigration act of 1924 was really the first permanent limitation on immigration. This limitation was like a quota system that only aloud two percent instead of the three percent of each foreign born group living in the United states in 1890. Like it say in Document A â€Å"Under the act of 1924 the number of each nationality who may be admitted annually is limited to two per cent of the population of such nationality resident in the United States according to the census of 1890.† Using the 1890 census instead of newer up-to-date ones they excluded a lot of new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe that came by in resent years (This is shown awfully well in Document B). This acts annual quota changed from 358,000 in 1921 to 164,000 in 1924 and finally changed to 154,000. Their was a couple of reasons that the United States made this an act; people were prejudice such as the KKK, and Americans lost jobs to new coming immigrants. People also felt that they had a suffi cient population and wanted to breed pure Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What Senator Ellison D. Smith was talking about when he said â€Å"I think we now have sufficient population in out country for us to shut the door and to breed up a pure, unadulterated American citizenship.....thank God we have in America perhaps the largest percentage of any country in the world of pure unadulterated Anglo-Saxon stock†¦.greatest of any nation† (Document I). He was really talking about how he thinks that if so calle...

Bad Effects Of Transhumanism Essay

Humans (and transhumans) are marked by a persistent desire to understand and control their environment and experience. Before the development of the scientific method, deductive and inductive logic, game theory, sophisticated epistemic principles and so on, humans resorted to superficial causal explanations based on observation for common phenomena, and theistic explanation for unusual events. Deities were invoked to explain unusual or destructive phenomena, and to try to provide a comforting model of the uncertainties and uncontrollable events in life. Storms, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, epidemics and madness could not be tolerated without some belief about their cause. In the absence of scientific explanation a religious or theistic explanation was almost inevitable. Along with pre-scientific attempts at understanding came a crude attempt at a technology. A tension is evident here: On the one hand religions have frequently declared events to be determined by a divine plan and s o have held attempts at changing things to be futile (this is common in Eastern religions, as well as other religions involving predestination). On the other hand, religions have offered certain limited and carefully circumscribed means of changing and controlling events, such as through prayer, ritual, and magic. The overall result has been entropic and anti-progressive since religious technology is ineffective (with the occasional exception of psychosomatic effects). The role of religion in providing explanations, however poor, of human life and its environment has given way over time to the superior resources of empirical science. Science has been able to explain an enormous variety of phenomena, both commonplace and unusual. Protestations by theists that science has not and cannot explain the origin of life, the origin of the universe, or the nature of consciousness are increasingly ridiculous as we continue to learn and discover. An objection to this view of the origin and strength of religion is that it is unclear why religion is persisting and even growing as scientific triumphs abound. This objection makes two mistakes however. First, as I am showing, there are other sustaining causes of religion that do not entirely or closely depend on the development of science. Second, the apparent strength and resurgence of religion is, I believe, an illusion  generated from a limited perspective. Certainly religion is not declining rapidly, and is continually taking new forms (such as New Age mysticism), but seen over a span of decades and centuries the trend is clear enough. Late twentieth century religion is very much less powerful than religion in the Middle Ages. In the past religion dominated all aspects of life and the idea of a separation of Church and state would have been considered incomprehensible and wicked. DEALING WITH DEATH AND UNCERTAINTY: One of the great tasks before us, as transhumanists, is the reengineering of our consciousness to do away with the powerful desire for certainty of a dogmatic kind. Most humans feel that they cannot bear to be wrong. They fear an unknown future. They readily give up intellectual and emotion independence in favor of faith in another person, whether human or supernatural myth. Humans are also driven to the comforts of religious dogma by the terrible fact of death. Some transhumanists expect religion to automatically decline as technological progress accelerates. Unfortunately, the faster technology and society changes, the greater the uncertainty in people’s lives, so the greater the appeal of religion in all its forms. (Hence the takeover by National Socialism and communism at times of great upheaval.) Scientific and technological progress alone will not abolish religious thinking. Transhumanist philosophies, especially immortalist philosophies such as Extropianism, will be vital to intellectual and emotional progress.

Social Media Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 673 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Social media is transforming how fans experience sports. Lets face it, what was once watched only on television is now viewed on a phone, and with the NBAs videos being freely shared on Vine, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube, theres little reason to believe well ever move back to TV. The game is more accessible than ever. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media Sports" essay for you Create order With the rise of technology and the advancement of electronic devices amongst the youth, people like their sports and the players accessible with the tap of a button. While baseball and football struggle to speed up their games in an effort to appeal to short attention span of Millennials, the NBA already has them in masses and is dominating social media. Each NBA team has a dedicated social media coordinator to help them stay relevant in the media and stay on the cutting edge of what is considered cool. It wont be long before we start to see NBA teams beefing up their social media teams in lieu of traditional staffing. Basketball has become more marketable and watchable than football. The national anthem controversy, the resistance from the NFL to change or to be more open to having more of a social media presence, and an aging fan base are all factors that have contributed to its recent decline in popularity. The brutal nature of the sport is another reason people have stopped tuning in and parents are more hesitant to involve their children. Football has always been brutal however with the recent light being shed on concussions and CTE due to injuries while playing the sport, people are losing interest. I think the NFLs biggest enemy is another sports league: the NBA. Showboating has always been discouraged in the NFL. Cam Newton was admonished for being too arrogant when he performed his dab move in the end zone after a touch down. However basketballs grass roots culture was built on underground mix tapes, crazy seemingly not human dunks, or hitting a three point shot in someones face. They even have a separate competition dedicated just to see who can perform the most outlandish slam dunk. Football just doesnt have the same flair or cool factor, and it never will. Basketball players also dominate fashion, more specifically sneakers. The NBA is currently winning against the NFL in global popularity. The NBA is doing a better job at being more inclusive. There are currently about 100 international players in the NBA. The NBA has an advantage over the NFL. The more profitable the NBA is that creates marketing fund advantages. That means more money to develop streaming advantages which is so important in todays technology driven world and its more money to develop mobile device connectivity. The NBA has already gained that tech advantage and revenue growth superior to that of the NFL. That matters because American culture in sports and other industries will inevitably shift its mindset for the changing demographic. We are becoming more like the rest of the planet. The Census Bureau predicts that the United States will become a majority-minority country by 2043. Some will be dragged kicking and screaming. Some will never convert. But most will. As the NBA becomes more global, it will inevitably have owners and execut ives that understand the global fan base. Some of those owners and executives will be from the countries and culture that matches the global future of the franchise. We will adjust to seeing more diverse owners, more so in the NBA than the NFL and as we have already seen the globalization of the players themselves in basketball. I just dont foresee a future in which football can keep up when all the cultural factors make it so much easier to follow basketball. I believe the ratings will continue to drop, especially if there isnt two huge market teams in the Super Bowl. The NFL will always be popular, but just like baseball yielded to what is considered cool, football will eventually have to pass the torch. I think anyone over 40 needs to start adjusting.